이번에는 CPU와 BIOS 정보를 확인하는 방법을 살펴보겠습니다.
리눅스에서는 dmidecode 명령을 통해 하드웨어 정보를 확인 합니다.
보통 dmidecode를 사용하게 되면 너무 많은 정보가 나오기 때문에 적절하게 옵션을 선택해서 필요한 정보를 취사 선택 하는것이 중요합니다.
시작하기에 앞서 man을 이용해서 dmdecode에서 확인 가능한 정보 리스트를 확인 해보도록 하겠습니다.
Type Information ──────────────────────────────────────────── 0 BIOS 1 System 2 Baseboard 3 Chassis 4 Processor 5 Memory Controller 6 Memory Module 7 Cache 8 Port Connector 9 System Slots 10 On Board Devices 11 OEM Strings 12 System Configuration Options 13 BIOS Language 14 Group Associations 15 System Event Log 16 Physical Memory Array 17 Memory Device 18 32-bit Memory Error 19 Memory Array Mapped Address 20 Memory Device Mapped Address 21 Built-in Pointing Device 22 Portable Battery 23 System Reset 24 Hardware Security 25 System Power Controls 26 Voltage Probe 27 Cooling Device 28 Temperature Probe 29 Electrical Current Probe 30 Out-of-band Remote Access 31 Boot Integrity Services 32 System Boot 33 64-bit Memory Error 34 Management Device 35 Management Device Component 36 Management Device Threshold Data 37 Memory Channel 38 IPMI Device 39 Power Supply 40 Additional Information 41 Onboard Devices Extended Information 42 Management Controller Host Interface |
다양한 정보를 확인 할 수 있는 만큼 적절하게 사용하게 되면 업무에 많은 도움이 될 수 있습니다. (특히 서버 환경에서 ...)
먼저 bios를 확인해 보겠습니다
root@choi:~# dmidecode -t bios # dmidecode 3.1 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.6 present. Handle 0x000D, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information Vendor: LENOVO Version: 8DET72WW (1.42 ) Release Date: 02/18/2016 Address: 0xE0000 Runtime Size: 128 kB ROM Size: 8192 kB Characteristics: PCI is supported PNP is supported BIOS is upgradeable BIOS shadowing is allowed Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported EDD is supported 3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h) CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) ACPI is supported USB legacy is supported BIOS boot specification is supported Targeted content distribution is supported BIOS Revision: 1.42 Firmware Revision: 1.24 Handle 0x002B, DMI type 13, 22 bytes BIOS Language Information Language Description Format: Abbreviated Installable Languages: 1 en-US Currently Installed Language: en-US |
보통 bios 키워드는 특정 BIOS 버젼에 문제가 있다는 보고가 있고 내가 사용하는 버젼이 이에 해당하는지 확인하기 위해서 사용 합니다.
다음은 가장 많이 사용하게 되는 system입니다.
root@choi:~# dmidecode -t system # dmidecode 3.1 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.6 present. Handle 0x000E, DMI type 1, 27 bytes System Information Manufacturer: LENOVO Product Name: 4290P13 Version: ThinkPad X220 Serial Number: R9FPDTG UUID: 93D38881-50A9-11CB-BE41-FD560931E6E9 Wake-up Type: Power Switch SKU Number: Not Specified Family: ThinkPad X220 Handle 0x002A, DMI type 12, 5 bytes System Configuration Options Handle 0x0038, DMI type 15, 29 bytes System Event Log Area Length: 66 bytes Header Start Offset: 0x0000 Header Length: 16 bytes Data Start Offset: 0x0010 Access Method: General-purpose non-volatile data functions Access Address: 0x00F0 Status: Valid, Not Full Change Token: 0x00000003 Header Format: Type 1 Supported Log Type Descriptors: 3 Descriptor 1: POST error Data Format 1: POST results bitmap Descriptor 2: Single-bit ECC memory error Data Format 2: Multiple-event Descriptor 3: Multi-bit ECC memory error Data Format 3: Multiple-event |
제일 먼저 해당 모델명과 제조사 확인이 가능합니다. 이를 통해 해당 장비의 성능을 낼 수 있는지 확인이 가능합니다. 또한 시스템 이벤트 로그를 보여 줌으로 해당 시스템의 이력을 간단하게 확인 합니다.
root@choi:~# dmidecode -t processor # dmidecode 3.1 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.6 present. Handle 0x0001, DMI type 4, 42 bytes Processor Information Socket Designation: CPU Type: Central Processor Family: Core i5 Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation ID: A7 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 42, Stepping 7 Flags: FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers) PAE (Physical address extension) MCE (Machine check exception) CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call) MTRR (Memory type range registers) PGE (Page global enable) MCA (Machine check architecture) CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported) PAT (Page attribute table) PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension) CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported) DS (Debug store) ACPI (ACPI supported) MMX (MMX technology supported) FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported) SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions) SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2) SS (Self-snoop) HTT (Multi-threading) TM (Thermal monitor supported) PBE (Pending break enabled) Version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2520M CPU @ 2.50GHz Voltage: 1.2 V External Clock: 100 MHz Max Speed: 2500 MHz Current Speed: 2500 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: ZIF Socket L1 Cache Handle: 0x0002 L2 Cache Handle: 0x0003 L3 Cache Handle: 0x0004 Serial Number: Not Supported by CPU Asset Tag: None Part Number: None Core Count: 2 Core Enabled: 2 Thread Count: 4 Characteristics: 64-bit capable |
먼저 이 시스템은 i5-2520M CPU임을 알수 있고 1CPU에 2코어에 하이퍼 스레딩을 이용해서 4코어를 쓸수 있음을 확인할 수 있습니다.
또한 해당 정보는 cat /proc/cpuinfo , lscpu를 통해서도 같이 확인할 수 있습니다.
root@choi:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 42 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2520M CPU @ 2.50GHz stepping : 7 microcode : 0x29 cpu MHz : 879.757 cache size : 3072 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 4 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 13 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx lahf_lm epb pti tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts bugs : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass bogomips : 4983.69 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: ... 중략 ... root@choi:~# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 4 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 2 Socket(s): 1 NUMA node(s): 1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 42 Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2520M CPU @ 2.50GHz Stepping: 7 CPU MHz: 953.259 CPU max MHz: 3200.0000 CPU min MHz: 800.0000 BogoMIPS: 4983.69 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 256K L3 cache: 3072K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx lahf_lm epb pti tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts
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